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What can come after the final verbs

B2Word order · lesson 27 of 36

Most of a Dutch sentence has to fit before the final verbs (the verbs that close the clause, like _gezegd_ in _Ik heb gezegd_). A few parts may follow them: subordinate clauses (mini sentences with their own verb, such as _dat_ and _om te_ clauses), comparisons with _dan_ or _als_, and often a prepositional phrase (a preposition plus its noun, like _op de bus_). Objects (the person or thing the verb acts on) and _niet_ stay before the final verbs: _Ik heb gezegd dat ik kom_, but _Ik heb de bus gemist_.

The pattern

Objects and _niet_ stay before the final verbs of their own clause. Clauses with their own verb, comparisons and often a prepositional phrase can follow those verbs, and _dat_ clauses must.

Examples

Ik heb gisteren tegen mijn baas gezegd dat ik vrijdag vrij wil.Yesterday I told my boss that I want Friday off.
Fatima heeft gevraagd of de cursus ook online kan.Fatima asked whether the course can also be taken online.
We zijn thuisgebleven omdat het zo hard regende.We stayed at home because it was raining so hard.
Sanne is naar de gemeente gegaan om haar nieuwe paspoort op te halen.Sanne went to the town hall to collect her new passport.
Joris is dit jaar langer geworden dan zijn vader.This year Joris has grown taller than his father.
De huren zijn in Utrecht net zo hard gestegen als in Amsterdam.Rents in Utrecht have gone up just as fast as in Amsterdam.
Ik denk dat de vergadering langer heeft geduurd dan gepland.I think the meeting went on longer than planned.
Bas heeft twintig minuten gewacht op de bus naar het ziekenhuis.Bas waited twenty minutes for the bus to the hospital.
Priya heeft gisteren een buurvrouw ontmoet die ook uit Chennai komt.Yesterday Priya met a neighbour who is also from Chennai.

Why it works this way

Think of the clause as a train. In a main clause, the conjugated verb (the one that matches the subject) opens the doors and the final verbs close them. Objects, _niet_ and most adverbs have to be on board before the doors shut: _Ik heb de bus niet gehaald._ A whole clause is a small sentence with its own verb, so it travels in a second carriage coupled behind. Comparisons and many prepositional phrases may ride there too. This builds on [the verb bracket](#/lesson/verb-bracket). In a subordinate clause the conjugated verb joins the final verbs, and the same rule applies: _dat de vergadering langer heeft geduurd dan gepland_.

The back carriage also keeps sentences easy to follow. Squeeze a clause inside and the verbs pile up, as in the wrong _Ik heb dat ik later kom gezegd_.

For prepositional phrases you often have a real choice. _Ik heb lang op de bus gewacht_ and _Ik heb lang gewacht op de bus_ are both correct; the second is very common in speech. Short phrases that form a unit with the verb stay inside: _Ze is naar huis gegaan_, _Hij is in slaap gevallen_. With comparisons, _Joris is langer dan zijn vader geworden_ is possible, but most speakers put _dan zijn vader_ at the end.

When an object seems to follow the final verbs, it belongs to the trailing clause: in _Ik heb geprobeerd de huisarts te bellen_, _de huisarts_ belongs to _te bellen_ and still comes before it. In relaxed speech you may also hear an afterthought after a pause: _Ik heb hem gezien, die nieuwe collega_. That is an add-on; the object _hem_ is already inside the sentence.

English, Spanish and Arabic put the object after the verb, so _Ik heb gekocht een fiets_ feels natural to many learners. In Dutch it is wrong. German works much like Dutch here, though Dutch moves prepositional phrases behind the verbs more freely.

Remember: if it has its own verb, or starts with _dan_ or _als_, it may ride in the back carriage. A plain object or _niet_ stays on board.

Watch out

Quick check

  1. Fix the word order, keeping _Daan_ at the start: _Daan heeft dat hij later komt gemaild._
  2. Which sentence is wrong? (a) _Carlos heeft de hele middag gepraat over de verbouwing._ (b) _De reparatie is duurder geworden dan de garage had gezegd._ (c) _Emma heeft gisteren gekocht een tweedehands fiets._
  3. Fix the sentence: _Ahmed heeft de huisarts gebeld niet._
  4. Fix the sentence: _Yara gaat naar de bibliotheek om te lenen een kookboek._

Answers

  1. _Daan heeft gemaild dat hij later komt._ (a _dat_ clause follows the final verb)
  2. (c): _Emma heeft gisteren een tweedehands fiets gekocht._ (the object goes before the final verb; a and b are correct)
  3. _Ahmed heeft de huisarts niet gebeld._ (_niet_ stays before the final verb)
  4. _Yara gaat naar de bibliotheek om een kookboek te lenen._ (the object comes before _te_ plus verb)

Use it today

Write a colleague or neighbour a short message in the perfect tense with three sentences: one with _gezegd dat_ or _gevraagd of_, one with an _om te_ clause, and one with _gewacht op_ or _nagedacht over_. Then check that every object sits before its final verb.

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