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What diminutives really mean

B1Nouns and de or het · lesson 8 of 18

A diminutive (a noun with a "small" ending such as _-je_ or _-tje_, which you met in [the previous lesson](#/lesson/diminutives)) is often not about size at all. _Een biertje_ is a normal beer offered in a relaxed way, and _een momentje_ can easily take five minutes. Diminutives make things sound friendly, casual or modest, and a few, like _een kopje_ (a cup), are simply the everyday word.

The pattern

A diminutive tells the listener how you feel about something more than how big it is: small, but also friendly, casual, modest or easy.

Examples

Zullen we na het werk nog een biertje drinken?Shall we grab a beer after work?
Een momentje, ik zoek het even voor u op.One moment, I'll just look it up for you.
Ik heb een vraag over mijn huurcontract.I have a question about my rental contract.
Ik heb een vraagje over mijn huurcontract.I have a quick question about my rental contract.
Er is een probleempje met je rooster, kun je even langskomen?There's a small issue with your schedule, can you pop by?
Wil je een kopje koffie of thee?Would you like a cup of coffee or tea?
Wilt u het bonnetje?Would you like the receipt?
Priya en Ahmed fietsen elke zondag een rondje om het meer.Priya and Ahmed cycle around the lake every Sunday.
Omdat Yara een nieuwe baan heeft, geeft ze zaterdag een etentje.Because Yara has a new job, she's having people over for dinner on Saturday.
Kun je me even een handje helpen met deze kast?Can you give me a hand with this cupboard?

Why it works this way

Think of a diminutive as turning the volume down. A small thing is easy to ask for and easy to say yes to, so Dutch speakers shrink a word to shrink the weight of what they say. _Een vraagje_ promises it will be quick. _Een probleempje_ tells your manager not to panic. _Een biertje_ says: nothing serious, just a drink together.

Compare:

English softens with other tools: a quick question, a bit of a problem, a cuppa. Dutch builds the softness into the noun and often adds _even_ on top, as in _Heb je even een minuutje?_ (see [Even, maar, eens](#/lesson/softening-particles)).

Some diminutives have become ordinary words. _Een kopje koffie_ is just a cup of coffee, and _een meisje_ is a girl of any height. A few have drifted further: _een kaart_ is a card or a map, but _een kaartje_ is often a ticket for the train or the cinema.

All this belongs mostly to spoken Dutch: at the bakery, at birthday parties, at the coffee machine. In formal writing, such as a letter from _de gemeente_, you will see far fewer, apart from the fixed words. That is a strong tendency, not a hard rule.

Remember: shrink the word, shrink the pressure. _Een vraagje_ is easy to answer, _een biertje_ is easy to say yes to, and _een momentje_ is over before you know it (in theory).

Watch out

Quick check

  1. In a café, Bas calls out _Ik geef een rondje!_ What does he mean? (a) He is going for a short walk. (b) He is buying everyone a drink.
  2. Fill in the correct form of _leuk_: _Lotte heeft een ... etentje georganiseerd._
  3. Fix the sentence: _Mag ik een kopje van thee?_
  4. You phone the GP's assistant and want to signal that your question will only take a minute. Which fits best? (a) _Ik heb een vraag._ (b) _Ik heb een vraagje._

Answers

  1. (b): _een rondje geven_ means paying for a round of drinks.
  2. _leuk_: _etentje_ is a het-word, so no _-e_ after _een_.
  3. _Mag ik een kopje thee?_: no _van_ between the cup and what is in it.
  4. (b): _een vraagje_ plays the question down, so it sounds quick and easy.

Use it today

Next time you order in a café or need a colleague's help, use a diminutive on purpose: _Mag ik een kopje thee?_ or _Heb je even een momentje?_ Then count how many words ending in _-je_ you hear before lunch.

← Diminutives: -je, -tje, -pje, -etje, -kje Clues that a noun is a het-word →
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