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Subordinate clauses: the verb goes to the end

A2Word order · lesson 10 of 36

In Dutch, words like _dat_ (that), _omdat_ (because), _als_ (if, when), _toen_ (when, in the past), _terwijl_ (while), _hoewel_ (although) and _of_ (whether) send the verbs to the back of the clause: _Ik weet dat hij morgen komt._ The subject usually comes straight after the linking word, so you get: linking word, subject, the rest, verbs.

The pattern

In a subordinate clause, the verbs move to the back, after the subject, the objects and words like _morgen_ or _niet_. The subject usually comes right after the conjunction.

Examples

Yara weet dat Carlos morgen komt.Yara knows that Carlos is coming tomorrow.
Fatima neemt de bus omdat haar fiets kapot is.Fatima is taking the bus because her bike is broken.
Ik bel je als ik thuis ben.I'll call you when I'm home.
Emma heeft boodschappen voor me gedaan toen ik ziek was.Emma did the shopping for me when I was ill.
Priya luistert naar een podcast terwijl ze fietst.Priya listens to a podcast while she cycles.
Joris fietst naar zijn werk, hoewel het koud is.Joris cycles to work, although it is cold.
Weet jij of de supermarkt vandaag open is?Do you know if the supermarket is open today?
Mei zegt dat ze de huisarts heeft gebeld.Mei says she has called the GP.
Ahmed denkt dat hij morgen moet werken.Ahmed thinks he has to work tomorrow.

Why it works this way

In a main clause statement, the conjugated verb (the form that changes with the person, like _heb_ or _heeft_) jumps forward to second place. A handy way to picture a subordinate clause: the conjunction is already sitting in the spot the verb would jump to, so the verb stays at the back. That is where Dutch parks its other verbs anyway, like _gewerkt_ in _Ik heb gisteren gewerkt_.

Compare:

English, Spanish and Arabic do not move the verb in clauses like these, so _omdat ik heb geen tijd_ can sound fine to you at first. German does the same as Dutch, though Dutch is more flexible about the order of the final verbs. When the subordinate clause comes first, the main clause changes too: see [When the subordinate clause comes first](#/lesson/subclause-first).

Remember: the conjunction opens the box, and the verbs close the lid.

Watch out

Quick check

  1. Fix the word order and keep _omdat_: _Yara gaat naar de huisarts omdat ze heeft koorts._
  2. Which sentence is correct: _Weet jij of Lotte morgen komt?_ or _Weet jij of komt Lotte morgen?_
  3. Choose _want_ or _omdat_: _Ik neem vandaag de bus, ... het regent heel hard._
  4. Put the words in the right order: _Mei zegt dat ..._ (druk, de, is, supermarkt)

Answers

  1. _Yara gaat naar de huisarts omdat ze koorts heeft._ (after _omdat_ the verb goes to the end)
  2. _Weet jij of Lotte morgen komt?_ (_of_ meaning whether sends _komt_ to the end)
  3. _want_ (_het regent heel hard_ has normal order; with _omdat_ it would be _omdat het heel hard regent_)
  4. _Mei zegt dat de supermarkt druk is._ (subject right after _dat_, verb last)

Use it today

Next time you message a colleague or a neighbour, give one reason with _omdat_, for example _Ik kom iets later omdat de trein vertraging heeft._ Before you send it, check that the verb is at the end.

← En, maar, of, want, dus Omdat or want: two ways to say because →
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