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Building words with suffixes: -baar, -loos, -achtig, -ig, -lijk

B2Style and register · lesson 7 of 13

Dutch builds many adjectives (describing words) by adding a suffix, an ending, to a word you already know. _-baar_ on a verb usually means "can be done" (_drinkbaar_, _bereikbaar_), _-loos_ means "without" (_werkloos_, _draadloos_) and _-achtig_ means "like" or "-ish" (_kinderachtig_). _-ig_ and _-lijk_ mostly just make an adjective: _zonnig_, _vriendelijk_.

The pattern

Read the ending: _-baar_ on a verb stem means "can be ...ed", _-loos_ means "without" and _-achtig_ means "like" or "-ish". _-ig_ and _-lijk_ mostly just make an adjective.

Examples

Het kraanwater is in heel Nederland drinkbaar.Tap water is drinkable everywhere in the Netherlands.
Ik ben morgen niet bereikbaar, dus mail Fatima als het dringend is.I can't be reached tomorrow, so email Fatima if it's urgent.
Daan is sinds maart werkloos.Daan has been unemployed since March.
Doe niet zo kinderachtig, Bas: het is maar een spelletje.Don't be so childish, Bas: it's only a game.
Lotte keek met kinderlijk plezier naar het vuurwerk.Lotte watched the fireworks with childlike delight.
Morgen wordt het eindelijk weer zonnig.Tomorrow it will finally be sunny again.
De medewerker van de gemeente was heel vriendelijk.The council employee was very friendly.

Why it works this way

Think of the suffix as a label that tells you what kind of word you have, so read long words from the right. _Onbereikbaar_ is "not + reach + can be": you cannot be reached. That habit alone makes Dutch texts faster to read.

English helps: _-baar_ is close to -able, _-loos_ to -less, _-ig_ to -y and _-lijk_ to -ly. The match is not one to one: _werkloos_ means unemployed, and _dankbaar_ (built on the noun _dank_) means grateful.

Spelling depends on how the ending starts. _-ig_ starts with a vowel, so the rules for [open and closed syllables](#/lesson/open-closed-syllables) apply. If a stressed short vowel stays short, the single consonant after it doubles (_zonnig_, _vettig_). A long vowel written with two letters drops one (_room_ → _romig_). After an unstressed vowel nothing doubles (_hongerig_). _-baar_ and _-loos_ start with a consonant, so the base is spelled as at the end of a word (_leesbaar_, _draadloos_), unless an extra _e_ comes in between (_hopeloos_). _-lijk_ sometimes adds an _e_ and sometimes not (_vriendelijk_, but _gevaarlijk_), so learn each word whole.

When the adjective takes an _-e_, _-loos_ becomes _-loze_: _een draadloze muis_, but _een draadloos netwerk_ (see [adjective spelling](#/lesson/adjective-spelling)).

Remember: one base, three endings, three meanings: _kinderloos_ (without children), _kinderachtig_ (childish, in an annoying way) and _kinderlijk_ (childlike, usually innocent).

Watch out

Quick check

  1. Fill in the gap with one adjective made from _bereiken_: _Mijn telefoon ligt thuis, dus ik ben vanmiddag niet ..._
  2. Choose: _Sanne en Carlos willen geen kinderen: ze zijn bewust ..._ (_kinderachtig_ / _kinderlijk_ / _kinderloos_)
  3. Fix the sentence: _Na de verbouwing was alles in huis heel stofig._
  4. Fill in the gap with one adjective made from _gevaar_: _Fietsen zonder licht is in het donker erg ..._

Answers

  1. _bereikbaar_: verb stem plus _-baar_, "can be reached".
  2. _kinderloos_: without children, by choice.
  3. _Na de verbouwing was alles in huis heel stoffig._: stressed short _o_ before one consonant, so the _f_ doubles.
  4. _gevaarlijk_: _gevaar_ plus _-lijk_, with no extra _e_.

Use it today

Write your next out-of-office message in Dutch: _Ik ben vrijdag niet bereikbaar. Voor dringende vragen kunt u terecht bij Joris._ Then check the milk in your fridge and work out _houdbaar_ from its parts.

← Building words with prefixes: on-, her-, mis-, oud- Linking ideas in writing: bovendien, echter, kortom →
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