Home › Lessons › Word order

Voordat, nadat, terwijl, sinds, totdat, zodra

B1Word order · lesson 34 of 36

_Voordat_, _nadat_, _terwijl_, _sinds_, _totdat_ and _zodra_ link two events in time: before, after, while, since, until and as soon as. Each one starts a subordinate clause (a side sentence that cannot stand on its own), so its verb moves to the end: _Ik bel je zodra ik thuis ben._ When that clause comes first, the main clause (the part that could stand alone) starts with its verb: _Zodra ik thuis ben, bel ik je._

The pattern

_Voordat_, _nadat_, _terwijl_, _sinds_, _totdat_ (or _tot_) and _zodra_ open a subordinate clause, so the verb of that clause goes to the end.

Examples

Ik drink altijd koffie voordat ik op de fiets stap.I always have coffee before I get on my bike.
Nadat Daan de rekening had betaald, gingen we naar huis.After Daan had paid the bill, we went home.
Nadat je hebt betaald, krijg je een bevestiging per mail.After you have paid, you get a confirmation by email.
Terwijl we op de trein wachtten, begon het te regenen.While we were waiting for the train, it started to rain.
Sanne neemt elke dag de trein, terwijl Ahmed altijd fietst.Sanne takes the train every day, whereas Ahmed always cycles.
Sinds we een hond hebben, wandelen we elke dag.Since we've had a dog, we've been going for a walk every day.
We blijven binnen totdat het niet meer regent.We're staying inside until it stops raining.
Zodra de huisarts terugbelt, laat ik het je weten.As soon as the GP calls back, I'll let you know.

Why it works this way

Picture the time word as opening a box around one event. Everything about that event goes inside, and the verb closes the lid. When the box comes first, it fills the first place in the sentence, so the main verb follows straight after it.

Each word also has tense habits. _Nadat_ looks back at a finished action, so it usually comes with a form of _hebben_ or _zijn_: _had betaald_ (had paid) in a story about the past, _hebt betaald_ (have paid) about now or in general ([The past perfect](#/lesson/past-perfect)). After _zodra_ and _totdat_, the present usually covers the future too.

_Sinds_ marks the starting point of a situation. When that situation is still going on, Dutch usually uses the present where English uses the present perfect: _Sinds we een hond hebben, wandelen we elke dag._ The _sinds_ clause can also name a single event in the past: _Sinds ik vorig jaar ben verhuisd, fiets ik naar mijn werk._ (Since I moved last year, I've been cycling to work.)

In standard Dutch, _sinds_ is about time only. When English "since" means because, Dutch uses _omdat_ ([Omdat or want](#/lesson/omdat-or-want)).

In everyday Dutch, _voor_ often replaces _voordat_, and _tot_ is just as correct as _totdat_. _Nadat_ has no such shortcut: _na_ alone cannot open a clause, so keep it for phrases like _na het eten_ (after dinner).

Remember: the time word opens the box, and the verb closes it.

Watch out

Quick check

  1. Fix the sentence: _Ik eet altijd een boterham voordat ik ga naar de sportschool._
  2. Fix the sentence: _Zodra het droog is, wij gaan fietsen._
  3. Choose _sinds_ or _totdat_: _Ik woon in Utrecht ... ik vorig jaar een nieuwe baan kreeg._
  4. Choose _terwijl_ or _zodra_: _Lotte drinkt alleen thee, ... Carlos vijf koppen koffie per dag drinkt._

Answers

  1. _Ik eet altijd een boterham voordat ik naar de sportschool ga._ The verb _ga_ goes to the end.
  2. _Zodra het droog is, gaan wij fietsen._ The time clause fills the first place, so the verb comes next.
  3. _sinds_: the new job is the starting point and you still live there; with _totdat_, the present _woon_ would not fit.
  4. _terwijl_: it shows a contrast, like whereas.

Use it today

Tonight, write three sentences about your day with _voordat_, _nadat_ and _zodra_, for example _Nadat ik had gegeten, belde ik mijn zus._ Read them out loud and check that the verbs of each time clause stand at the end.

← Zodat, opdat, zo ... dat Reporting what someone said →
Practice this, don't just read it

Play the grammar games (de/het, die/dat, geen/niet, word order and more), track your streak, and get feedback on every answer. Part of the full Dutch Fluency dashboard. Start free. Pro is 7 days free, then €19 a month, cancel any time.

Start free Play the games