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Welk or welke, and wat voor

A2Pronouns · lesson 23 of 24

Dutch has two words for which: _welk_ and _welke_. Use _welk_ before a singular het-word (one thing whose word for the is _het_), as in _welk huis_, and _welke_ before a de-word or any plural: _welke trein_, _welke huizen_. To ask what kind of thing something is, use _wat voor_ or _wat voor een_: _Wat voor auto heb je?_

The pattern

_Welk_ goes before one het-word, and _welke_ goes before all other nouns. _Wat voor (een)_ asks what kind, not which one.

Examples

Welk huis is van Daan?Which house is Daan's?
Van welk spoor vertrekt de trein naar Utrecht?Which platform does the train to Utrecht leave from?
Welke trein moet ik naar Schiphol nemen?Which train do I take to Schiphol?
Welke huizen zijn nog te koop?Which houses are still for sale?
Welk formulier moet Fatima bij de gemeente invullen?Which form does Fatima have to fill in at the municipality?
Welk broodje neem jij, Mei?Which sandwich are you having, Mei?
Wat voor werk doe je?What kind of work do you do?
Wat voor een auto heeft Joris gekocht?What kind of car did Joris buy?
Wat voor weer wordt het morgen?What will the weather be like tomorrow?
Wat voor schoenen zoekt u?What kind of shoes are you looking for?

Why it works this way

_Welke_ carries the extra -e that many Dutch words get, and Dutch drops that -e in one spot: before a singular het-word. You see the same pattern in _elk huis_ (every house) and _elke trein_ (every train), and again in [zulk and zulke](#/lesson/zon-zulk-zulke). So the real question is whether the noun is a [de-word or a het-word](#/lesson/de-and-het). [Diminutives](#/lesson/diminutives), the small forms like _broodje_ and _huisje_, are het-words in the singular: _welk broodje_, but _welke broodjes_.

The meaning split is simple. _Welk_ and _welke_ ask you to pick one from a group you can see or know about. _Wat voor_ asks for a description:

In everyday speech the line is not perfectly sharp, and you will hear _Welke auto heb je?_ when someone means the brand. Pointing versus describing is still your best guide.

English uses what for both jobs (what bus, what kind of bus), and Spanish speakers have the same habit with "qué". Dutch does not put _wat_ straight before a noun to mean which, so what bus is _welke bus_. Also, _wat voor_ looks like what for, but it means what kind of. What for is _waarvoor_. German speakers have it easy: _wat voor een_ works like "was für ein", and _welk_ has just two forms.

In speech, _wat_ and _voor_ often split up: _Wat heb jij voor werk?_ _Wat is dat voor hond?_ Both sound completely natural.

Remember: _welk_ points, _wat voor_ describes. For the form, start from _welke_ and drop the -e only for one het-word.

Watch out

Quick check

  1. Choose _welk_ or _welke_: _Bij ... huisarts zit jij, Priya?_
  2. Choose _welk_ or _welke_: _Ahmed, ... broodje wil jij?_
  3. Choose _welk_ or _welke_: _... kinderen hebben de taart opgegeten?_
  4. Your neighbour Yara has a new dog, and you have no idea what breed it is. Choose _welke_ or _wat voor_: _... hond is het?_

Answers

  1. _welke_: _huisarts_ is a de-word (_de huisarts_).
  2. _welk_: _broodje_ is a diminutive, so a singular het-word.
  3. _welke_: _kinderen_ is a plural, and plurals take _welke_.
  4. _wat voor_ (or _wat voor een_): you want a description of the dog, not a choice from a group.

Use it today

At the supermarket or the market, ask one question of each kind, for example _Welke kaas is in de aanbieding?_ and _Wat voor brood heeft u nog?_ Before you say _welk_ or _welke_, quickly check the article of the noun in your head.

← Question words: wie, wat, waar, wanneer, hoe, waarom Zo'n, zulk and zulke: such →
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