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Zijn and hebben in the present

A1Verbs now · lesson 4 of 14

In the present tense (the verb form for now), _zijn_ (to be) goes _ik ben_, _jij bent_, _hij is_, _wij zijn_, and _hebben_ (to have) goes _ik heb_, _jij hebt_, _hij heeft_, _wij hebben_. These are the two most frequent verbs in Dutch, so learn them before any other. When _jij_ comes after the verb, the _t_ disappears: _Ben jij thuis?_ _Heb jij tijd?_

The pattern

_Zijn_ and _hebben_ have their own forms, which you learn by heart. When _jij_ or _je_ comes after the verb, drop the _t_: _ben jij_, _heb je_.

Examples

Ik ben Priya.I am Priya.
Ben jij de nieuwe collega?Are you the new colleague?
Daan is vandaag ziek.Daan is ill today.
Bent u mevrouw Jansen?Are you Mrs Jansen?
Jullie zijn te laat.You are late.
Ik heb twee kinderen.I have two children.
Fatima heeft een nieuwe fiets.Fatima has a new bike.
Heb jij een pen?Do you have a pen?
Heeft u een afspraak?Do you have an appointment?
Wij hebben honger.We are hungry.

Why it works this way

In many languages the most used verbs are the most irregular, because frequent words tend to keep old forms that rarer words lose. English does it too: I am, you are, he is. Dutch _zijn_ is just as wild, and _hij is_ even matches he is.

_Hebben_ is much tamer. Its stem is _heb_, so _ik heb_ and _jij hebt_ follow the normal pattern from [the present tense](#/lesson/present-tense). Only _heeft_ is odd. With _u_ you can choose: _u hebt_ works like _jij_, _u heeft_ works like _hij_. Both are correct and both are common. With _zijn_, the usual form is _u bent_. _U is_ is also correct, but much less common, so _u bent_ is the one to learn. The dropped _t_ in questions is the same one you met in [Werk jij?](#/lesson/jij-inversion).

Two pairs to compare:

The verb tells you whether _zij_ means she or they.

Sometimes Dutch picks _hebben_ where English says be: _Ik heb honger_ (I am hungry), _Ik heb dorst_ (I am thirsty). For age, Dutch uses _zijn_, like English: _Ik ben dertig jaar._ Later, both verbs also help you talk about the past in [the perfect tense](#/lesson/perfect-tense).

Remember: _zijn_ is as wild as English be, while _hebben_ is almost tame. For _zijn_, learn four words: _ben_, _bent_, _is_, _zijn_. For _hebben_, mark the one odd form: _heeft_, for _hij_, _zij_, _het_ or a name.

Watch out

Quick check

  1. Fill in the right form of _hebben_: _Sanne ... een kat._
  2. Fill in the right form of _zijn_: _... jij vandaag thuis?_
  3. Choose _is_ or _zijn_: _Joris en Mei ... in de supermarkt._
  4. Fix the sentence: _Hebt jij een paraplu?_

Answers

  1. _heeft_ (Sanne is one person, like _zij_)
  2. _Ben_ (_jij_ follows the verb, so the _t_ drops)
  3. _zijn_ (two people, so the plural form)
  4. _Heb jij een paraplu?_ (no _t_ when _jij_ follows the verb)

Use it today

Write three sentences about yourself with _ik ben_ and three with _ik heb_, for example your name, how you feel and what is in your bag. Then ask a colleague or neighbour one real question that starts with _Heb jij_ or _Bent u_.

← Werk jij? Where the t disappears Gaan, doen, komen, willen, kunnen, zullen and mogen →
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