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Two objects and short pronouns

B1Word order · lesson 19 of 36

Short object pronouns such as _hem_, _haar_, _het_ and _je_ come early in a Dutch sentence: right after the verb and the subject, before time words and before nouns. So you say _Ik heb hem gisteren gezien_ and _Ik geef haar het boek_. With two nouns, the person comes before the thing (_Ik geef mijn moeder bloemen_), unless you use _aan_: then the person usually comes after it (_Ik geef bloemen aan mijn moeder_).

The pattern

Short pronouns go straight after the verb and subject, before time words and nouns. With two objects, the person comes before the thing, unless you use _aan_: then the person usually comes last.

This happens with verbs like _geven_, _sturen_, _lenen_, _vertellen_, _uitleggen_ and _laten zien_. For the pronoun forms themselves, see [object pronouns](#/lesson/object-pronouns).

Examples

Ik heb hem gisteren op het station gezien.I saw him at the station yesterday.
Bas belt je vanavond terug.Bas will call you back tonight.
Ik geef haar het boek na de les.I'll give her the book after class.
Kun je me het zout even aangeven?Could you pass me the salt?
Lotte laat ons morgen haar nieuwe fiets zien.Lotte is showing us her new bike tomorrow.
Priya heeft haar buurvrouw een taart gegeven.Priya gave her neighbour a cake.
Priya heeft een taart aan haar buurvrouw gegeven.Priya gave a cake to her neighbour.
De huisarts heeft het al aan Ahmed uitgelegd.The GP has already explained it to Ahmed.
Het pakketje? Ik heb het hem gisteren gegeven.The parcel? I gave it to him yesterday.

Why it works this way

Dutch likes to put what you already know early and what is new towards the end, where the main stress usually falls. A pronoun points to something you have just mentioned, so it carries no news and slips in right behind the verb. A time word or a fresh noun is more likely to be the news, so it waits.

Nouns are freer than pronouns: _Ik heb de film gisteren gezien_ and _Ik heb gisteren de film gezien_ are both correct. A pronoun can stand later only when you stress it for contrast: _Ik heb gisteren hém gezien, niet zijn broer._ The forms _me_, _je_, _ze_ and _het_ cannot carry stress, so they stay early (more in [stressed and unstressed pronouns](#/lesson/stressed-unstressed)).

The two-object part will feel familiar from English: "I give my mother flowers" and "I give flowers to my mother" work the same way. The Dutch word for that "to" is _aan_, not _naar_. As a tendency, speakers pick the version that ends with the most important information, so _aan mijn moeder_ at the end puts the weight on who gets the flowers.

Remember: old news first, new news last. A pronoun is old news, so it skips the queue and stands right behind the verb.

Watch out

Quick check

  1. Fix the sentence: _Het formulier? Joris heeft vorige week het ingevuld._
  2. Choose the right word: _Mei geeft een cadeau (aan / naar) haar collega._
  3. Fix the sentence without adding a word: _Yara stuurt een berichtje haar broer._
  4. Choose the correct sentence: _Ik geef de buurman het._ or _Ik geef het aan de buurman._

Answers

  1. _Joris heeft het vorige week ingevuld._ (_het_ goes before the time word)
  2. _aan_ (giving something to someone uses _aan_)
  3. _Yara stuurt haar broer een berichtje._ (without _aan_, the person comes first)
  4. _Ik geef het aan de buurman._ (_het_ cannot follow a noun object)

Use it today

Think of the next birthday on your calendar and write three sentences about your present: one with the person first (_Ik geef Sanne een plant._), one with _aan_, and one with a pronoun and a time word (_Ik geef haar zaterdag de plant._). Say them out loud on your way there.

← Separable verbs in subordinate clauses The four jobs of er →
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