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Separable verbs in subordinate clauses

A2Word order · lesson 18 of 36

In a subordinate clause (a clause that starts with a word like _dat_, _omdat_ or _of_), a separable verb such as _opbellen_ (to phone) goes back together at the end: _Hij zegt dat hij morgen opbelt._ With an extra verb such as _wil_, the separable verb usually stays whole: _dat hij morgen wil opbellen_. In the perfect, the participle (the _ge-_ form) is one word too: _dat hij heeft opgebeld_.

The pattern

In a subordinate clause, the conjugated verb (the one that matches the subject) goes to the end, right next to its prefix (the front part, like _op_), so the two become one word. With an extra verb, the separable verb usually stays whole at the end.

Examples

Sanne zegt dat ze je morgen opbelt.Sanne says she will call you tomorrow.
Ik weet niet hoe laat de trein aankomt.I don't know what time the train arrives.
Lotte zegt dat de supermarkt om acht uur opengaat.Lotte says the supermarket opens at eight.
Fatima gaat naar de gemeente omdat ze een formulier moet invullen.Fatima is going to the municipality because she has to fill in a form.
Daan vraagt of hij zijn zus mag meenemen.Daan asks if he can bring his sister along.
Ik hoop dat Joris vanavond wil afwassen.I hope Joris wants to do the dishes tonight.
Mei is moe omdat ze om vijf uur is opgestaan.Mei is tired because she got up at five.
Priya vertelt dat ze de buren voor haar verjaardag heeft uitgenodigd.Priya says she has invited the neighbours to her birthday.
Weet jij of Ahmed de huisarts al heeft teruggebeld?Do you know if Ahmed has already called the GP back?

Why it works this way

You need this pattern constantly: passing on a message, giving a reason with _omdat_, asking whether something has happened yet.

Think of the prefix as parked at the end of the clause. In a main clause, the conjugated verb has to drive off to second place, so the prefix stays behind: _Hij belt morgen op._ In a subordinate clause, the verb goes to the end too, so it parks right next to its prefix and they become one word again.

Compare these pairs:

In the second and third pairs, the separable verb does not change at all: it was already whole at the end. Only _wil_ and _heeft_ move.

Remember: the prefix stays put, the verb travels. When the verb travels to the end, the pair is reunited.

English keeps its little words apart in every kind of sentence ("that he calls back", "I have to fill in"), so _dat hij belt terug_ can feel right. It is not. If you speak German, you already know this one: "dass er morgen anruft" works the same way.

Watch out

Quick check

  1. Fill in the gap with the present-tense form of _aankomen_: _Ik weet niet hoe laat de bus ..._
  2. Fix the sentence: _Mei vertelt dat ze om zeven uur staat op._
  3. Choose _ophalen_ or _halen op_: _Emma hoopt dat ze haar fiets morgen kan ..._
  4. Fill in the participle of _terugbellen_: _Yara is blij dat Carlos haar heeft ..._

Answers

  1. _aankomt_ (present tense, one verb, so prefix and verb join at the end)
  2. _Mei vertelt dat ze om zeven uur opstaat._ (the verb goes to the end and joins _op_)
  3. _ophalen_ (after the modal _kan_, the separable verb stays whole)
  4. _teruggebeld_ (the participle is one word: _terug_ plus _gebeld_)

Use it today

Next time you message a friend or colleague, add one subordinate clause with a separable verb, for example _Ik bel je terug als ik ben aangekomen._ Then say two more out loud about your own day, one with _omdat_ and one with _dat_.

← The order of verbs at the end Two objects and short pronouns →
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